Chapter 16: Problem 5

After moderate blood loss, several mechanisms come into play to increase blood pressure and make up blood volume. 3 of these mechanisms are:

Short Answer

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The three mechanisms that increase blood pressure and makeup blood volume after moderate blood loss are: 1) Activation of the Renin-Angiotensin System which serves to constrict blood vessels and increase water and sodium retention, 2) Release of Antidiuretic Hormone that leads to greater water reabsorption, thereby increasing blood volume, and 3) Response from the Sympathetic Nervous System which serves to increase heart rate and constrict blood vessels.

Step by step solution

Mechanism 1: Activation of the Renin-Angiotensin System

The first mechanism involves the activation of what is called the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS). When blood volume decreases, specialized cells in the kidneys release an enzyme called renin. Renin catalyzes the production of angiotensin II, which constricts blood vessels and stimulates the release of another hormone called aldosterone. Aldosterone promotes sodium and water retention by the kidneys, thereby increasing blood volume.

Mechanism 2: Release of Antidiuretic Hormone

The second mechanism involves the release of an Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, by the pituitary gland. ADH increases water reabsorption by the kidneys, thereby increasing blood volume and pressure.

Mechanism 3: Sympathetic Nervous System Response

The third mechanism involves a response from the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS). Reductions in blood volume and pressure are detected by baroreceptors located in the arteries. This information is relayed to the brain, which then signals the SNS to increase heart rate and constrict blood vessels, both of which serve to increase blood pressure.

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After moderate blood loss, several mechanisms come into play to increase blood pressure and make up blood volume. 3 of these mechanisms are:

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Mechanism 1: Activation of the Renin-Angiotensin System

Mechanism 2: Release of Antidiuretic Hormone

Mechanism 3: Sympathetic Nervous System Response

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