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Chapter 9: Q. 17 (page 251)
What is the effect of an inhibitor binding an enzyme?
a. The enzyme is degraded.
b. The enzyme is activated.
c. The enzyme is inactivated.
d. The complex is transported out of the cell.
The correct option is (c).
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What property prevents the ligands of cell-surface receptors from entering the cell?
a. The molecules bind to the extracellular domain.
b. The molecules are hydrophilic and cannot penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the plasma membrane.
c. The molecules are attached to transport proteins that deliver them through the bloodstream to target cells.
d. The ligands are able to penetrate the membrane and directly influence gene expression upon receptor binding.
Apoptosis can occur in a cell when the cell is ________________.
a. damaged
b. no longer needed
c. infected by a virus
d. all of the above
Where do DAG and IP3 originate?
a. They are formed by phosphorylation of cAMP.
b. They are ligands expressed by signaling cells.
c. They are hormones that diffuse through the plasma
membrane to stimulate protein production.
d. They are the cleavage products of the inositol phospholipid, PIP2.
Which of the following statements about quorum sensing is false?
a. Autoinducer must bind to receptor to turn on transcription of genes responsible for the production of more autoinducer.
b. The receptor stays in the bacterial cell, but the autoinducer diffuses out.
c. Autoinducer can only act on a different cell: it cannot act on the cell in which it is made.
d. Autoinducer turns on genes that enable the bacteria to form a biofilm.
A scientist notices that a cancer cell line fails to die when he adds an inducer of apoptosis to his culture of cells. Which hypothesis could explain why the cells fail to die?
a. The cells have a mutation that prevents the initiation of apoptosis signaling.
b. The cells have lost expression of the receptor for the apoptosis-inducing ligand.
c. The cells overexpress a growth factor pathway that inhibits apoptosis.
d. All of the above.
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