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Chapter 9: Q. 20 (page 252)
Which type of molecule acts as a signaling molecule in yeasts?
a. steroid
b. autoinducer
c. mating factor
d. second messenger
Option c is correct
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The same second messengers are used in many different cells, but the response to second messengers is different in each cell. How is this possible?
Why is signaling in multicellular organisms more complicated than signaling in single-celled organisms?
A scientist notices that when she adds a small, water soluble molecule to a dish of cells, the cells turn off transcription of a gene. She hypothesizes that the ligand she added binds to a(n) ______ receptor.
a. Intracellular
b. Hormone
c. Enzyme-linked
d. Gated ion channel-linked
A scientist notices that a cancer cell line fails to die when he adds an inducer of apoptosis to his culture of cells. Which hypothesis could explain why the cells fail to die?
a. The cells have a mutation that prevents the initiation of apoptosis signaling.
b. The cells have lost expression of the receptor for the apoptosis-inducing ligand.
c. The cells overexpress a growth factor pathway that inhibits apoptosis.
d. All of the above.
A scientist notices that a cancer cell line shows high levels of phosphorylated ERK in the absence of EGF. What are two possible explanations for the increase in phosphorylated ERK? Be specific in which proteins are involved.
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