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Chapter 9: Q. 21 (page 252)
Quorum sensing is triggered to begin when ___________.
a. treatment with antibiotics occurs
b. bacteria release growth hormones
c. bacterial protein expression is switched on
d. a sufficient number of bacteria are present
The correct option is d.
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What property prevents the ligands of cell-surface receptors from entering the cell?
a. The molecules bind to the extracellular domain.
b. The molecules are hydrophilic and cannot penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the plasma membrane.
c. The molecules are attached to transport proteins that deliver them through the bloodstream to target cells.
d. The ligands are able to penetrate the membrane and directly influence gene expression upon receptor binding.
How does NF-κB induce gene expression?
a. A small, hydrophobic ligand binds to NF-κB, activating it.
b. Phosphorylation of the inhibitor Iκ-B dissociates the complex between it and NF-κB, and allows NF- κB to enter the nucleus and stimulate transcription.
c. NF-κB is phosphorylated and is then free to enter the nucleus and bind DNA.
d. NF-κB is a kinase that phosphorylates a transcription factor that binds DNA and promotes protein production.
What would happen if the intracellular domain of a cellsurface receptor was switched with the domain from another receptor?
Where do DAG and IP3 originate?
a. They are formed by phosphorylation of cAMP.
b. They are ligands expressed by signaling cells.
c. They are hormones that diffuse through the plasma
membrane to stimulate protein production.
d. They are the cleavage products of the inositol phospholipid, PIP2.
A doctor is researching new ways to treat biofilms on artificial joints. Which approach would best help prevent bacterial colonization of the medical implants?
a. Increase antibiotic dosing
b. Create implants with rougher surfaces
c. Vaccinate patients against all pathogenic bacteria
d. Inhibit quorum sensing
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