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Chapter 9: Q. 33 (page 252)

A scientist notices that a cancer cell line shows high levels of phosphorylated ERK in the absence of EGF. What are two possible explanations for the increase in phosphorylated ERK? Be specific in which proteins are involved.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The likely explanation suggests that ERK gets mutated, preventing appropriate functioning.

Step by step solution

01

Step. 1 Introduction

The ERK cascades seems to be important in many biological functions, including tumor growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and viability. As a result, it is required for several physiological events which include development, immunology, and metabolic activity.

02

Step. 2 Explanation

The EGFR dimer cannot be separated. The signalling cascade is constitutively activated by an upstream alteration (in Ras, Raf, or MEK). A mutation in ERK inhibits it from interacting to its phosphatase. The cell has a mutation that prevents the ERK-specific phosphatase from expressing or functioning.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Where do DAG and IP3 originate?

a. They are formed by phosphorylation of cAMP.

b. They are ligands expressed by signaling cells.

c. They are hormones that diffuse through the plasma

membrane to stimulate protein production.

d. They are the cleavage products of the inositol phospholipid, PIP2.

Histamine binds to the H1 G-protein-linked receptor to initiate the itchiness and airway constriction associated with an allergic response. If a mutation in the associated G-protein’s alpha subunit prevented the hydrolysis of GTP how would the allergic response change? a. More severe allergic response compared to normal G-protein signaling. b. Less severe allergic response compared to normal G-protein signaling. c. No allergic response. d. No change compared to normal G-protein signaling.

A scientist observes a mutation in the transmembrane region of EGFR that eliminates its ability to be stabilized by binding interactions during dimerization after ligand binding. Which hypothesis regarding the effect of this mutation on EGF signaling is most likely to be correct?

a. EGF signaling cascades would be active for longer in the cell.

b. EGF signaling cascades would be active for a shorter period of time in the cell.

c. EGF signaling cascades would not occur.

d. EGF signaling would be unaffected.

What is a possible result of a mutation in a kinase that controls a pathway that stimulates cell growth?

Cells grown in the laboratory are mixed with a dye molecule that is unable to pass through the plasma membrane. If a ligand is added to the cells, observations show that the dye enters the cells. What type of receptor did the ligand bind to on the cell surface?
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