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Chapter 16: Q. 2 (page 414)

In females, one of the two X chromosomes is inactivated during embryonic development because of epigenetic changes to the chromatin. What impact do you think these changes would have on nucleosome packing?

Short Answer

Expert verified

There would be a closer packing of the nucleosomes.

Step by step solution

01

Introduction

The term "around genetics" is epigenetic. The nucleotide sequence is unaffected and the modifications to the histone proteins and DNA are temporary. Instead, these modifications affect the chromosomal shape (open or closed) and are transient (although they frequently endure through numerous rounds of cell division). Depending on the position and DNA and histone protein changes, a gene might be activated or inactivated.

02

The explanation for answer

The histone proteins and DNA undergo distinct modifications that indicate a closed chromosomal structure if a gene is to remain silent, or switched off. Since the RNA polymerase and transcription factors are unable to access the DNA in this closed form, transcription cannot take place.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Changes in epigenetic modifications alter the accessibility and transcription of DNA. Describe how environmental stimuli, such as ultraviolet light exposure, could modify gene expression.

Cancer causing genes are called ________.

a. transformation genes

b. tumor suppressor genes

c. oncogenes

d. mutated genes

A mutation within the promoter region can alter the transcription of a gene. Describe how this can happen

What will result from the binding of a transcription factor to an enhancer region?

a. decreased transcription of an adjacent gene

b. increased transcription of a distant gene

c. alteration of the translation of an adjacent gene

d. initiation of the recruitment of RNA polymerase

2. Targeted therapies are used in patients with a set gene expression pattern. A targeted therapy that prevents the activation of the estrogen receptor in breast cancer would be beneficial to which type of patient?

a. patients who express the EGFR receptor in normal cells

b. patients with a mutation that inactivates the estrogen receptor c. patients with lots of the estrogen receptor expressed in their tumor

d. patients that have no estrogen receptor expressed in their tumo
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