Particles that transfer genetic material from one species to another, especially in marine prokaryotes:

a. horizontal gene transfer

b. lateral gene transfer

c. genome fusion device

d. gene transfer agents

Gene transfer in prokaryotes aids in the transfer of desirable characteristics such as antibiotic resistance or an advantage in surviving harsh environmental circumstances.

Gene transfer agents are offered as option (d). Gene transfer agents are viruses that are smaller than prokaryotes and serve as a conduit for the transfer of genes from one prokaryote to another. As a result, option (d) is the proper response.

Horizontal gene transfer is the option (a). Horizontal gene transfer is a technique for transferring genes rather than particles. As a result, choice (a) is erroneous.

The term "lateral gene transfer" is used to describe option (b). In prokaryotes, particles that facilitate gene transfer are not known as lateral gene transfer. As a result, choice (b) is erroneous.

The genome fusion device is option (c). It is once again a device, not a particle, for gene transfer in prokaryotes. As a result, choice (c) is erroneous.

Gene transfer agents (GNAs) can sometimes transmit both desirable and undesirable genes from one prokaryote to another.