Describe how topography influences the characteristics and fertility of a soil.

The outer loose layer on the earth’s surface is known as soil. Soil is very much important for land plants. Various physical and biological processes take place in the soil formation processes. Soil formation is a slow process and it takes many years to form from rocks, organic substances, and minerals.

Topography mainly defines the soil quality and the texture of the soil. It has an influence on fertility, water holding capacity, and air content in the soil. Topography plays a major role in soil development.

In the hilly slope regions, soils tend to be shallow because of soil erosion. Steep soils are very much prone to soil erosion. Topography also affects the water runoff that washes away parent material from the soil and affects the soil fertility.