Which endocrine glands are associated with the kidneys?

a. thyroid glands

b. pituitary glands

c. adrenal glands

d. gonads

An outer adrenal cortex and an inner adrenal medulla make up the adrenal glands. Different hormones are secreted from these areas. Mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens are all made by the adrenal cortex. There are two different types of secretory cells in the adrenal medulla: one type generates the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline).

The adrenal gland is associated with the kidneys. One adrenal gland is found on top of each kidney, and the adrenal glands are connected to the kidneys. An outer adrenal cortex and an inner adrenal medulla make up the adrenal glands. Therefore, option c i.e., the adrenal gland is the correct answer.

• The thyroid gland is found in the neck, in front of the trachea, and just below the larynx.
• The sella turcica, a groove in the sphenoid bone of the skull, houses the pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis or "master gland," which is situated at the base of the brain.
• Steroid hormones are produced by the gonads, or male and female ovaries, respectively.

Therefore, options a, b and d are irrelevant to the question.