The gland located at the top of the kidney is the ________

gland.

a. adrenal

b. pituitary

c. thyroid

d. thymus

The endocrine system is composed of various glands that play an important part in the production of hormones that regulate many activities such as mood, stress, metabolism, growth, development, and reproduction.

The pituitary gland is situated at the base of the brain and secretes hormones such as growth hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and many others. This gland also controls the function of other endocrine glands. Hence, option b is incorrect.

The thyroid gland is located in the neck and produces the thyroid hormone that regulates vital body functions such as heart rate, metabolism, weight, temperature, and blood pressure. Hence, option c is incorrect.

The thymus gland is situated in the chest, behind the breastbone, and between the lungs. It plays an important role in the body's immune system by producing white blood cells that help in fighting infections. Hence, option d is incorrect.

Two adrenal glands in the human body sit above the kidneys, one above each kidney. They are made up of the adrenal medulla in the center and the adrenal cortex in the periphery. The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine, and the adrenal cortex secretes cortisol and aldosterone. The adrenal gland hormones help in regulating metabolism and blood pressure. Hence, option a is correct.