Name and describe a function of one hormone produced by the anterior pituitary and one hormone produced by the posterior pituitary.

(i) Among many hormones secreted from the anterior pituitary gland, Growth hormone (GH) is one such hormone.

Growth hormone enters the bloodstream from the anterior pituitary gland. Growth hormone or Human growth hormone (HGH) acts on many parts of the body to promote growth in children. Once the growth plates in the bones (epiphyses) have fused, growth hormone does not increase height. In adults, it does not cause growth but it helps to maintain normal body structure and metabolism, including helping to keep blood sugar levels within moderation levels.

Growth hormone levels are elevated by sleep, exercise, stress, and low glucose levels in the blood.

Excess secretion and presence of growth hormone result in Gigantism in children and Acromegaly in adults.

(ii) Vasopressin is a hormone secreted from the posterior pituitary gland. It is a peptide hormone that increases blood pressure in the body.

Also called as antidiuretic hormone, Vasopressin plays a role in regulating the circadian rhythm, which is the periods of sleepiness and wakefulness in a 24-hour cycle.

If there is excess production or the presence of vasopressin, kidneys may retain water. If there is a lack of required amounts of vasopressin, the kidneys may excrete too much water. This causes polyuria which can lead to dehydration, as well as low blood pressure.