Explain the role of cholesterol in blocking arteries.

Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance essential for various functions in our body, such as producing hormones, vitamin D, and bile acids necessary for digestion. High levels of cholesterol, caused by genetic factors and lifestyle choices, can lead to plaque formation in arterial walls. As plaque builds up, a condition called atherosclerosis occurs, where arteries become narrowed and less flexible, leading to limited blood flow and compromised cardiovascular function. Blocked arteries can result in serious health problems like heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral artery disease. Preventive measures include maintaining a heart-healthy lifestyle, regular check-ups, and medications if necessary.