How does the second law of thermodynamics help explain the diffusion of a substance across a membrane? (See Figure 7.10.)

The potential energy of the state will decrease when compared to that of the initial state, given that there is no entry or exit of energy from the system according to the second law of thermodynamics.

Entropy is the reason for the energy flow which maintains life and order. Organisms absorb energy and die because of entropy.

All molecules possess some kinetic energy which allows them to diffuse in the surroundings. The diffusion rate will be faster, given that the concentration gradient is faster. On the other hand, osmosis results in the movement of water from high pressure to low pressure.

Increasing entropy or moving towards randomization is the basis of the second thermodynamics law.There will be a more randomized distribution of molecules when both membrane sides are equal concentration.

However, there will be a less randomized distribution of molecules when both membrane sides are not equal. Diffusion acts as a spontaneous or more energetically favorable process because diffusion of a material to an area with less concentration raises entropy.