How can a target cell’s response to a single hormone molecule result in a response that affects a million other molecules?

The hormone is a term used to define the chemical messages produced by the different organs and glands of the body. Their main work is to transfer signals to the target cell so that it can perform delegated functions.

Hormones are of three types based on their formation one is of lipid derivative type, one is of amino acid derivative type, and one is of peptide type.

The organs in the body are continuously being exposed to different types of hormones in the bloodstream and the local regulators secreted by the neighborhood cells. Yet, one organ responds to a particular signal but ignores the other signals, and the same is true with the other organ.

The specificity is that different organs are made up of different kinds of cells thus have various collections of proteins due to switching on/off different sets of genes.

These signals are reached to the different organs once released from their production site. The organs where they reach is known as the target organ.

The generation of the response in millions of cells is that signals travel in a cascade or a relay. The efficiency of the signal transduction pathway is increased by the scaffolding proteins, which are large relay proteins to which different other relay proteins are joined permanently.

They serve as branching or intersection points in a signaling pathway. This protein also interacts with microfilaments of the cytoskeleton and several other components of the signaling course that relay information from the cell surface. In this way, the response is generated in millions of cells.