(a) Is a dark brown mouse on dark-colored soil more likely to escape predation under a full moon or with no moon? (b) What about a light brown on light-colored soil? Explain.

Camouflage is an organism's defensive tactic for hiding its appearance and blending in with its surroundings. This defensive strategy helps them in hiding their identities and movements to escape predation.

When a dark brown mouse was introduced to the owl in a dark-colored enclosure, the owl caught 20 mice under no moon, whereas it caught 12 mice under the full moon. This means that the owl caught lesser mice under the full moon because dark brown mice could escape predation better under a full moon than under no moon.

When a light brown mouse was introduced to the owl in a light-colored enclosure, the owl caught 11 mice under no moon, whereas it caught 18 mice under a full moon. This means the owl caught lesser mice under no moon because light brown mice could escape predation better under no moon than under a full moon.

The data reveals that even after camouflaging, moonlight is an influencing element. The owl's hunting effectiveness and the mice's predation efficiency are affected by the presence or absence of moonlight.