The ENCODE pilot project found that at least 75% of the genome is transcribed into RNAs, far more than could be accounted for by protein-coding genes. Review Concepts 17.3 and 18.3 and suggest some roles that these RNAs might play.

The genetic messenger incorporated with four distinct nitrogenous bases like guanine, adenine, uracil, and cytosine is termed RNA or ribonucleic acid, a type of nucleic acid.

The several functions related to RNA (ribonucleic acid) are DNA conversion into protein during translation, carrier of DNA information, making up ribosomes, and protein assembling.

The term ENCODE is stated as the encyclopedia of DNA elements. The term ENCODE pilot project refers to a research project that helps experimental scientists or researchers know about the biochemical functioning of elements within the human genome.

A public research program like ENCODE pilot project detects the functional elements which are not identified in the human genome.

The introns or non-coding regions of nucleic acidare considered as the RNA region used to encode the polypeptide (transcribed region). The single-stranded RNA molecule, a non-coding RNA like miRNAs (microRNAs), will block the translation and cause degradation of mRNA molecules resulting in gene expression repression.

The long non-coding RNAs or lncRNAs regulate the gene expression and remodel chromatin structure through its interaction with the chromatin-modifying enzyme.