Cell differentiation always involves

(A) transcription of the myoD gene.

(B) the movement of cells.

(C) the production of tissue-specific factors

(D) the selection loss of certain genes from the genome.

Short Answer

Expert verified

(A) The option “transcription of the myoD gene” is false.

(B) The option “the movement of cells” is false.

(C) The option “the production of tissue-specific factors” is true.

(D) The option “the selection loss of certain genes from the genome” is false.

Step by step solution

01

Cell differentiation

The process of conversion from one cell type to the other cell type is known as cell differentiation. The specialized cells are produced as a result of cell differentiation. It is an important process in the development of multicellular organisms.

02

Explanation of option “(A)”

The MyoD gene is present in the muscle cell. The transcription of the myoD gene may lead to the formation of mRNA coding for the muscle cell.

Cell differentiation does not involve the transcription of the muscle protein.

Therefore, the given option is false.

03

Explanation of option “(B)”

Cells always tend to move in the extracellular matrix. The movement of the cell is associated with the actin protein present in the cell membrane.

Cell movement and cell differentiation are different processes.

Therefore, the given option is false.

04

Explanation of option “(C)”

Cell differentiation is the specialization process of cells that occurs via gene expression. The initiation of cell differentiation starts with the expression of tissue-specific factors that activate the regulatory protein. These regulatory proteins are the important control in the cell differentiation mechanism.

The tissue-specific proteins have an important role in the cell differentiation process for the activation of the regulatory proteins.

Therefore, the given option is true.

05

Explanation of option “(D)”

The selective loss of genes does not take place in the cell differentiation process. All proteins' coding segments are essential in the gene and need to be incorporated into the mature cells.

The gene loss does not occur in the cell differentiation process.

Therefore, the given option is false.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In general, what are the effects of histone acetylation and DNA methylation on gene expression?

Within a cell, the amount of protein made using a given mRNA molecule depends partly on

(A) the degree of DNA methylation.

(B) the rate at which the mRNA is degraded.

(C) the number of introns present in the mRNA.

(D) the types of ribosomes present in the cytoplasm.

The diagram below five genes, including their enhancers, from the genome of a certain species. Imagine that pink, blue, green, black, grey and dark blue activator proteins exist that can bind to the approximately colour-coded control elements in the enhancers of these genes.

(a) Draw an X above enhancer elements (of all the genes) that would have activators bound in a cell where only gene five is transcribed. Identify which coloured activators would be present.

(b) Draw a dot above all enhancer elements that would have activators bound in a cell where the green, blue, and yellow activators are present. Identify which gene(s) would be transcribed.

(c) Imagine that genes 1, 2, and 4 codes for nerve-specific proteins, and genes 3 and 5 are skin-specific. Identify which activators would have to be present in each cell type to ensure transcription of the appropriate genes.

Proto-oncogene can change into oncogenes that cause cancer. Which of the following best explains the presence of these potential time bombs in eukaryotic cells?

(A) Proto-oncogenes first arose from viral infections.

(B) Proto-oncogenes are mutant versions of normal genes.

(C) Proto-oncogenes are genetic “ junk.”

(D) Proto-oncogenes normally help regulate cell division.

(a) Did deletion of any of the possible control elements cause a reduction in reporter gene expression? If so, which one (s), and how can you tell? (b) If loss of a control element causes a reduction in gene expression, what must be the normal role of that control element? Provide a biological explanation for how the loss of such a control element could lead to a reduction in gene expression.

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