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Chapter 18: Q18-8TYU. (page 394)

Which of the following statements about the DNA in one of your brain cells is true?

(A) Most of the DNA codes for protein.

(B) The majority of genes are likely to be transcribed.

(C) It is the same as the DNA in one of your liver cells.

(D) Each gene lies immediately adjacent to an enhancer.

Short Answer

Expert verified

(A) The option "Most of the DNA codes for protein" is false.

(B) The option "The majority of genes are likely to be transcribed" is false.

(C) The option "It is the same as the DNA in one of your liver cells" is true.

(D) The option "Each gene lies immediately adjacent to an enhancer" is false.

Step by step solution

01

DNA

DNA is the abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid. It is the genetic material present in cells. It codes for the hereditary information that is transferred from generation to generation.

02

Explanation of option "(A)"

DNA does not code for protein all the time. DNA with the coding region can result in protein formation. DNA with the non-coding region does not result in protein formation.

Most of the DNA present in the brain cells do not code for protein.

Therefore, the given option is false.

03

Explanation of option "(B)"

Transcription is the process of the formation of mRNA from the DNA as a template. In brain cells, DNA is transcribed into mRNA in the synaptic development process. The majority of genes are not transcribed, but the coding region present in the genes gets transcribed.

The genes present in the coding region get transcribed into mRNA from which proteins are produced. There are few coding regions present in the mRNA.

Therefore, the given option is false.

04

Explanation of option "(C)"

DNA present in the brain cells is similar to the liver cells. Body cells have DNA that is similar to the liver cells. The structural components of the DNA present in the body are composed of nucleic acid bases such as adenine, guanine, and cytosine.

All the genes present in the body have a similar set of gene sequences present in them. Thus, the DNA present in the brain cells and liver cells is structurally similar.

Therefore, the given option is true.

05

Explanation of option "(D)"

The enhancer is the segment that is present in the gene segment that enhances the process of transcription. The enhancer region enhances the working of the coding genes.

The enhancer can be located a thousand sequences away from the gene or maybe present upstream or downstream. Enhancers are not always adjacent to the genes.

Therefore, the given option is false.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The diagram below five genes, including their enhancers, from the genome of a certain species. Imagine that pink, blue, green, black, grey and dark blue activator proteins exist that can bind to the approximately colour-coded control elements in the enhancers of these genes.

(a) Draw an X above enhancer elements (of all the genes) that would have activators bound in a cell where only gene five is transcribed. Identify which coloured activators would be present.

(b) Draw a dot above all enhancer elements that would have activators bound in a cell where the green, blue, and yellow activators are present. Identify which gene(s) would be transcribed.

(c) Imagine that genes 1, 2, and 4 codes for nerve-specific proteins, and genes 3 and 5 are skin-specific. Identify which activators would have to be present in each cell type to ensure transcription of the appropriate genes.

Do the data suggest that any of these possible control elements are actual control elements? Explain.

Which of the following is an example of post-transcriptional control of gene expression?

(A) the addition of methyl group to cytosine bases of DNA

(B) the binding of transcription factors to a promoter

(C) the removal of introns and alternative splicing of exons

(D) gene amplification contributing to cancer

Suppose the mRNA being degraded in Figure 18.14 coded for a protein that promotes cell division in a multi-cellular organism. What would happen if a mutation disabled the gene for the miRNA that triggers this degradation?

Trace amounts of dioxin were present in Agent Orange, a defoliant sprayed on vegetation during the Vietnam War. Animal tests suggest that dioxin can cause birth defects, cancer, liver and thymus damage, and immune system suppression, sometimes leading to death. But the animal tests are equivocal; a hamster is not affected by a dose that can kill a guinea pig. Dioxin acts like a steroid hormone, entering a cell and binding to a cytoplasmic receptor that then binds the cell’s DNA.

  1. Discuss how this mechanism might help explain the variety of dioxin’s effects on different body systems and in different animals.
  2. Discuss how you might determine whether a type of type of illness is related to dioxin exposure. Next, discuss how you might determine whether a particular individual became ill as a result of exposure to dioxin. Which would be more difficult to demonstrate?Why?
See all solutions

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