How can two cells in a plant have vastly different structures even though they have the same genome?

Gene expression is when a gene is processed into a nucleic acid that is RNA (ribonucleic acid) and protein.Thus, it consists of two steps that are transcription and translation.

Transcription deals with the formation of RNA from DNA, and translation deals with the formation of proteins in the cell. Transcription takes place in the nucleus, and translation takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell.

The cells in plants undergo gene expression differently, due to which they possess different structures and perform different functions. In plants, gene expression is controlled by transcriptional regulators. It allows the plant to respond to changing environments.

During gene expression, DNA in the nucleus is transcribed to RNA by enzymes such as RNA polymerase. The RNA formed is moved to the cytoplasm from the nucleus of the cell and helps in the formation of proteins. These proteins could be anything such as hormones and enzymes.