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Chapter 2: Problem 26

In mitosis, what chromatid combination(s) will be present during metaphase? What combination(s) will be present at each pole at the completion of anaphase?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: During metaphase, the chromatid combination present is the sister chromatids combination. Upon completion of anaphase, the combination present at each pole is a complete, identical set of chromatids (now chromosomes).

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Mitosis

Mitosis is a process of cell division where a cell divides into two identical daughter cells containing the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, ensuring proper chromosomal distribution among the cells. The process consists of several stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
02

Metaphase

During metaphase, the chromosomes align themselves at the equator, or the middle, of the cell. Each chromosome is made up of two sister chromatids which are attached at the centromere. The spindle fibers are connected to the centromeres, preparing the chromosomes for division.
03

Chromatid Combinations During Metaphase

In metaphase, each chromosome is present with its two sister chromatids. The chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the cell, and there is one chromatid combination present (sister chromatids combination).
04

Anaphase

Anaphase is the stage of mitosis where the sister chromatids are separated and pulled towards the opposite poles of the cell. The spindle fibers shorten, pulling the chromatids apart and ensuring equal distribution of genetic material in the two daughter cells.
05

Chromatid Combinations at the Completion of Anaphase

At the completion of anaphase, the separated chromatids have arrived at the opposite poles of the cell. Each pole will have a complete set of chromatids, which are now known as chromosomes. The chromatid combinations at each pole are identical to the combinations initially present in the parent cell. In conclusion, the chromatid combination present during metaphase is the sister chromatids combination, while the combination present at each pole upon completion of anaphase is the complete, identical set of chromatids (now chromosomes). These identical combinations ensure the proper distribution of genetic material to the daughter cells following mitosis.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In this chapter, we focused on how chromosomes are distributed during cell division, both in dividing somatic cells (mitosis) and in gamete- and spore- forming cells (meiosis). We found many opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this information was acquired. From the explanations given in the chapter, answer the following questions. (a) How do we know that chromosomes exist in homologous pairs? (b) How do we know that DNA replication occurs during interphase, not early in mitosis? (c) How do we know that mitotic chromosomes are derived from chromatin?

What is the probability that, in an organism with a haploid number of \(10,\) a sperm will be formed that contains all 10 chromosomes whose centromeres were derived from maternal homologs?

What is the significance of checkpoints in the cell cycle?

Given the end results of the two types of division, why is it necessary for homologs to pair during meiosis and not desirable for them to pair during mitosis?

Kuliev and Verlinsky (2004) state that there was a relatively high number of separation errors at meiosis I. In these cases the centromere underwent a premature division, occurring at meiosis I rather than meiosis II. Regarding chromosome 21 what would you expect to be the chromosome 21 complement in the secondary oocyte in which you saw a single chromatid (monad) for chromosome 21 in the first polar body? If this secondary oocyte was involved in fertilization, what would be the expected consequences?
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