What role do the following cellular components play in the storage, expression, or transmission of genetic information: (a) chromatin, (b) nucleolus, (c) ribosome, (d) mitochondrion, (e) centriole, (f) centromere?

Question: Explain the role of various cellular components in the storage, expression, or transmission of genetic information, including (a) chromatin, (b) nucleolus, (c) ribosome, (d) mitochondrion, (e) centriole, and (f) centromere. Answer: (a) Chromatin stores and protects the DNA, ensuring its stability and integrity. During cell division, chromatin condenses into chromosomes to ensure proper transmission of genetic information. (b) The nucleolus is responsible for producing rRNA, which is essential for the assembly of ribosomes. Ribosomes are critical for the expression of genetic information, since they translate mRNA into proteins. (c) Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating mRNA into the amino acid sequence of proteins. This is essential for the expression of genetic information, as proteins are the functional products of genes. (d) Mitochondria generate cellular energy and contain their own DNA, which encodes a small number of proteins and RNA molecules necessary for their functions, thus having a role in the storage and expression of a limited portion of genetic information. (e) Centrioles play an essential role in cell division, ensuring accurate transmission of genetic information during cell division. (f) Centromeres ensure proper transmission of genetic information during cell division by allowing accurate segregation of chromosomes.