Chapter 20: Problem 14
What advantages do cDNA libraries provide over genomic DNA libraries? Describe cloning applications where the use of a genomic library is necessary to provide information that a cDNA library cannot.
Chapter 20: Problem 14
What advantages do cDNA libraries provide over genomic DNA libraries? Describe cloning applications where the use of a genomic library is necessary to provide information that a cDNA library cannot.
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Get started for freeReview the Chapter Concepts list on page \(523 .\) All of these refer to recombinant DNA methods and applications. Write a short essay or sketch a diagram that provides an overview of how recombinant DNA techniques help geneticists study genes.
What is the difference between a knockout animal and a transgenic animal?
Although many cloning applications involve introducing recombinant DNA into bacterial host cells, many other cell types are also used as hosts for recombinant DNA. Why?
To create a cDNA library, cDNA can be inserted into vectors and cloned. In the analysis of \(\mathrm{cDNA}\) clones, it is often difficult to find clones that are full length-that is, many clones are shorter than the mature mRNA molecules from which they are derived. Why is this so?
The U.S. Department of Justice has established a database that catalogs \(P C R\) amplification products from short tandem repeats of the \(Y\) (Y-SIRs) chromosome in humans. The database contains polymorphisms of five U.S. ethnic groups (African Americans, European Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, and Asian Americans) as well as worldwide population (a) Given that STRs are repeats of varying lengths, for example \((\mathrm{TCTG})_{9-17}\) or \((\mathrm{TAT})_{6-14}\) explain how PCR could reveal differences (polymorphisms) among individuals. How could the Department of Justice make use of those differences? (b) \(Y-S T R s\) from the nonrecombining region of the \(Y\) chromosome (NRY) have special relevance for forensic purposes. Why? (c) What would be the value of knowing the ethnic population differences for \(Y\) -STR polymorphisms? (d) For forensic applications, the probability of a "match" for a crime scene DNA sample and a suspect's DNA often culminates in a guilty or innocent verdict. How is a "match" determined, and what are the uses and limitations of such probabilities?
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