An unapproved form of gene therapy, known as enhancement gene therapy, can create considerable ethical dilemmas. Why?

Enhancement gene therapy refers to the genetic modification of human beings for the purpose of enhancing their physical, intellectual, or other abilities, beyond what is considered normal. This is in contrast to traditional gene therapy, which aims to treat or prevent genetic diseases. Enhancement gene therapy could involve techniques such as gene editing, stem cell manipulation, and other cutting-edge biotechnologies.

There are potential benefits to enhancement gene therapy, including improved overall health and well-being, increased resilience to diseases, and a greater capacity for learning and problem-solving. On the other hand, there are also potential drawbacks, such as potential side effects, the risk of unforeseen consequences, and the possibility of exacerbating social inequalities.

Enhancement gene therapy raises several ethical dilemmas, including: 1. Inequity: There is concern that the wealthy would have greater access to enhancement gene therapy, leading to increased social inequalities in terms of health, intelligence, and opportunities. 2. Human identity and dignity: The idea of modifying human beings can be seen as disrespectful to the intrinsic worth of each person, potentially diminishing our sense of individuality and uniqueness. Additionally, there may be societal pressure to undergo enhancement procedures, which could reduce personal autonomy. 3. Unintended consequences: Despite good intentions, enhancement gene therapy could lead to unforeseen and potentially harmful consequences, such as the development of new diseases or the disruption of delicate genetic balances. 4. "Playing God": Some believe that enhancement gene therapy represents an attempt to manipulate human beings in ways that should be left to the natural world or a higher power. 5. Regulation and oversight: Given the experimental nature of the technology, questions may arise concerning adequate regulation and oversight of its development and use. By understanding the complexities and ethical dilemmas associated with enhancement gene therapy, it becomes clear why this unapproved form of gene therapy can create considerable ethical challenges and how addressing these concerns will be pivotal in determining the future direction of this technology.