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Chapter 5: Problem 20

Are mitotic recombinations and sister chromatid exchanges effective in producing genetic variability in an individual? in the offspring of individuals?

Short Answer

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Short Answer: Mitotic recombinations and sister chromatid exchanges can generate some genetic variability within an individual, but their overall contributions to genetic variability in the offspring are limited. Mitotic recombinations create new genetic combinations in chromosomes, but only affect offspring if the changed chromosome is involved in gamete formation during meiosis. Sister chromatid exchanges involve swapping identical genetic material between sister chromatids, thus not introducing new genetic variations in offspring.

Step by step solution

01

Define Mitotic Recombination

Mitotic recombination is an event that occurs during the mitotic cell cycle, in which genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes. This process leads to two parental chromosomes exchanging a portion of their DNA, resulting in new combinations of genetic information within the chromosomes.
02

Define Sister Chromatid Exchange

Sister chromatid exchange is a process that occurs during the cell cycle where genetic material is exchanged between two identical sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome. This process can occur during both mitosis and meiosis and can lead to the exchange of genetic information between chromatids.
03

Explain Genetic Variability in an Individual

Genetic variability is the presence of different genetic information within an individual, which can lead to variations in traits, characteristics, and other features. It can arise from various sources like mutations, recombination, and the mixing of genetic information during sexual reproduction.
04

Analyze the effectiveness of mitotic recombination in producing genetic variability

Mitotic recombination can result in genetic variation within an individual by creating new combinations of genetic information on the chromosomes. However, mitotic recombination doesn't have a substantial impact on an individual's offspring, since the genetic material that underwent recombination will only be passed on if the affected chromosome is involved in gamete formation during meiosis. This means that while mitotic recombination can contribute to genetic variability in an individual, its overall effect on genetic variability in the offspring is limited.
05

Analyze the effectiveness of sister chromatid exchange in producing genetic variability

Sister chromatid exchange can generate genetic variability within an individual during mitosis or meiosis, presenting new genetic combinations on the sister chromatids. However, because sister chromatids are identical and the exchanged genetic material between them is also identical, sister chromatid exchange doesn't introduce new genetic variations. Therefore, while sister chromatid exchange may play a role in the maintenance of genetic information within an individual, it doesn't significantly contribute to genetic variability in the offspring. In conclusion, mitotic recombinations and sister chromatid exchanges can produce minor genetic variability within an individual, but their contributions to genetic variability in the offspring are limited.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Another cross in Drosophila involved the recessive, X-linked genes yellow \((y),\) white \((w),\) and \(c u t(c t) .\) A yellow-bodied, white-eyed female with normal wings was crossed to a male whose eyes and body were normal but whose wings were cut. The \(\mathrm{F}_{1}\) females were wild type for all three traits, while the \(\mathrm{F}_{1}\) males expressed the yellow-body and white- eye traits. The cross was carried to an \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) progeny, and only male offspring were tallied. On the basis of the data shown here, a genetic map was constructed. (a) Diagram the genotypes of the \(\mathrm{F}_{1}\) parents. (b) Construct a map, assuming that white is at locus 1.5 on the X chromosome. (c) Were any double-crossover offspring expected? (d) Could the \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) female offspring be used to construct the map? Why or why not?

In Drosophila, a cross was made between females-all expressing the three \(X\) -linked recessive traits scute bristles \((s c),\) sable body \((s),\) and vermilion eyes \((v)-\) and wild-type males. In the \(\mathrm{F}_{1},\) all females were wild type, while all males expressed all three mutant traits. The cross was carried to the \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) generation, and 1000 offspring were counted, with the results shown in the following table. No determination of sex was made in the data. (a) Using proper nomenclature, determine the genotypes of the \(P_{1}\) and \(F_{1}\) parents. (b) Determine the sequence of the three genes and the map distances between them. (c) Are there more or fewer double crossovers than expected? (d) Calculate the coefficient of coincidence. Does it represent positive or negative interference?

In Drosophila, a female fly is heterozygous for three mutations, Bar eyes \((B),\) miniature wings \((m),\) and ebony body \((e)\) Note that Bar is a dominant mutation. The fly is crossed to a male with normal eyes, miniature wings, and ebony body. The results of the cross are as follows. Interpret the results of this cross. If you conclude that linkage is involved between any of the genes, determine the map distance(s) between them.

A backcross was set up between two homozygous laboratory mouse strains \(A\) and \(B\), with the \(F_{1}\) backcrossed to \(B\). The \(F_{2}\) were typed using \(\operatorname{SNPs} x\) and \(y,\) which varied between strains \(A\) and \(B\left(x^{A}, x^{B}, y^{A}, y^{B}\right) .\) Out of 100 mice, 38 were \(x^{A} y^{A}, 40\) were \(x^{B} y^{B}, 11\) were \(x^{A} y^{B},\) and 11 were \(x^{B} y^{A} .\) What is the genetic distance between SNPs \(x\) and \(y ?\)

The genes dumpy\((d p),\) clot \((c l),\) and apterous \((a p)\) are linked on chromosome II of Drosophila. In a series of two-point mapping crosses, the following genetic distances were determined. What is the sequence of the three genes?
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