In Drosophila, a female fly is heterozygous for three mutations, Bar eyes \((B),\) miniature wings \((m),\) and ebony body \((e)\) Note that Bar is a dominant mutation. The fly is crossed to a male with normal eyes, miniature wings, and ebony body. The results of the cross are as follows. Interpret the results of this cross. If you conclude that linkage is involved between any of the genes, determine the map distance(s) between them.

Short Answer

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Question: Determine if there is any linkage between the genes involved in the mutations and calculate the map distance(s) between the linked genes based on the cross between a female fly heterozygous for Bar eyes (B), miniature wings (m), and ebony body (e) and a male fly with normal eyes, miniature wings, and ebony body. Answer: To determine the presence of linkage and calculate map distance, perform the following steps: 1. Determine the genotypes of the parent flies (female: BbMmEe, male: bbmmee). 2. Identify the possible gametes produced by each parent fly. 3. Perform the cross between the two parent flies and note the resulting offspring genotypes. 4. Investigate the likelihood of linkage between the genes by comparing the observed offspring ratio to the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio for independent assortment. 5. Calculate the recombination frequency between the linked genes using the provided offspring data. 6. Use the recombination frequency to determine the map distance between the linked genes. 7. Interpret the results and draw conclusions on the presence of linkage and the map distance between the genes. Note that to perform steps 5 and 6, you will need the specific data on the offspring counts from the cross.

Step by step solution

01

Identifying the genotypes of the parent flies

The female fly is heterozygous for three mutations: Bar eyes (B), miniature wings (m), and ebony body (e), so her genotype can be represented as BbMmEe. The male fly has normal eyes, miniature wings, and ebony body, so his genotype is bbmmee.
02

Determining possible gametes

Each parent fly can produce different gametes as a result of independent assortment during meiosis. For the female, the possible gametes are BME, BM, Be, BmE, Bm, bMe, be, bME (note that the last gamete is impossible, as there is no B dominant allele). For the male, the only possible gamete is bme.
03

Performing the cross and noting the resulting offspring

We need to perform the cross between the two parent flies and note the genotypes of the resulting offspring. We cross BM, Be, Bm, and bMe from the female fly with bme from the male fly. The resulting genotypes are: BbMmEe, Bbe, BbmE, and bbmMe.
04

Investigating the likelihood of linkage

If the genes are assorting independently, we should see a 1:1:1:1 ratio among the four possible offspring genotypes. However, if there is evidence of any other ratio, this may suggest that linkage is involved between some of the genes. We have to analyze the data we received from the cross to determine any linkage.
05

Calculating recombination frequency

The first step to calculate map distances between two loci (assuming linkage) is to determine the recombination frequency. The recombination frequency can be calculated using the formula: Recombination frequency = (Number of recombinant offspring) / (Total number of offspring) We have to determine the count of each type of offspring in the given data and apply the formula.
06

Using the recombination frequency to determine map distance

The recombination frequency can be used to determine map distance between linked genes, as 1% recombination frequency corresponds to 1 map unit (or 1 centimorgan). We can calculate map distance using the recombination frequency obtained in step 5.
07

Interpreting the results and drawing conclusions

Based on the calculated map distances between genes and their corresponding recombination frequencies, we can determine if there is any linkage between the genes involved in the mutations. If a linkage is present, then we have a clear map distance between them. If not, then the genes are assorting independently.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Another cross in Drosophila involved the recessive, X-linked genes yellow \((y),\) white \((w),\) and \(c u t(c t) .\) A yellow-bodied, white-eyed female with normal wings was crossed to a male whose eyes and body were normal but whose wings were cut. The \(\mathrm{F}_{1}\) females were wild type for all three traits, while the \(\mathrm{F}_{1}\) males expressed the yellow-body and white- eye traits. The cross was carried to an \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) progeny, and only male offspring were tallied. On the basis of the data shown here, a genetic map was constructed. (a) Diagram the genotypes of the \(\mathrm{F}_{1}\) parents. (b) Construct a map, assuming that white is at locus 1.5 on the X chromosome. (c) Were any double-crossover offspring expected? (d) Could the \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) female offspring be used to construct the map? Why or why not?

DNA markers have greatly enhanced the mapping of genes in humans. What are DNA markers, and what advantage do they confer?

Review the Chapter Concepts list on page \(138 .\) Most of these center around the process of crossing over between linked genes. Write a short essay that discusses how crossing over can be detected and how the resultant data provide the basis of chromosome mapping.

Describe the cytological observation that suggests that crossing over occurs during the first meiotic prophase.

A homozygous \(A A B B\) mouse was crossed to a homozygous recessive aabb mouse. The \(\mathrm{F}_{1}\) were backcrossed to a homozygous recessive aabb mouse, and the offspring were analyzed for \(A\) and \(B\). The genetic distance between \(A\) and \(B\) was found to be \(10 \mathrm{cM}(\mathrm{mu})\). If 200 mice were analyzed, deduce the phenotypes observed in the offspring.

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