Describe the phases of the cell cycle and the events that characterize each phase.

The G1 phase, or 'Gap 1' phase, stands as the welcoming handshake to the cell cycle, where the cell bulks up for the challenges ahead. Like a preparatory stage for a runner before a marathon, the cell in G1 phase focuses on growth, increasing both in size and resources. It's not just about getting big; the cell meticulously crafts new proteins and organelles, adding tools to its arsenal.

Crucially, the G1 phase includes a checkpoint, akin to a guardian that surveys the conditions both inside and outside the cell. If the surrounding environment is unwelcoming, or if the cell itself isn't ready for the next step, it can pivot to the G0 phase, a sort of waiting room for better conditions. This checkpoint ensures that the cell commits to division only when it's truly ready, maintaining the fidelity and health of future cells.

Imagine the cell's DNA as a cherished book that each new cell library requires an exact copy of. During the S phase, or 'Synthesis' phase, the cell takes on the meticulous task of replicating its DNA. This involves unwinding the DNA's intricate double helix structure and enlisting enzymes to draft a matching strand for each original one.

This phase is critical for inheritance because, like ensuring every page and word in our metaphorical book is precise, the S phase assures that daughter cells are equipped with an identical set of instructions, the genome. This phase embodies the essence of biological legacy, handing down an unblemished set of blueprints to the next generation of cells.

The G2 phase, or 'Gap 2' phase, represents the final bout of preparation before the daunting task of cell division. This phase echoes the diligent buzz in a space mission control room before launch: there is a second surge in growth, energy production revs up, and vital proteins are synthesized.

But it's not just about vigor; the G2 phase also includes critical quality control. The cell reviews the duplicated DNA from the S phase with a fine-tooth comb, pinpointing and repairing any replication missteps. It's a testament to the cellular commitment to precision, ensuring that any errors are corrected before the baton of genetic information is passed on. This stage underlines the cell's dedication to handing over a clean, error-free set of genetic instructions to its progeny.

The M phase, or Mitosis, is the grand finale of the cell cycle, the moment when one actor splits into two on the cellular stage. Mitosis is a four-act play featuring prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, each with its dramatic set of events.

In the initial prophase, chromosomes condense and step into the spotlight — they become visible. The nuclear envelope dissolves as if the stage curtains are pulled away. Come metaphase, chromosomes align in the center, akin to performers taking their precise positions. Anaphase sees sister chromatids, till now linked arm in arm, dance apart to opposite poles, guided by spindle fibers like puppet strings. Telophase closes the show, as new nuclear envelopes form, resembling the cast bows before the curtains close. Cytokinesis then splits the stage — the cytoplasm — creating two distinct daughter cells. Each act of the M phase ensures the faithful distribution of genetic material, culminating in the rise of two new cellular entities, each ready to begin their own cell cycle story.