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Chapter 17: Problem 5

Explain the circumstances that exist when sweating and vasodilation in the dermis are not effective mechanisms of heat loss. (p. 397 )

Short Answer

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Answer: Sweating and vasodilation in the dermis may be less effective mechanisms of heat loss under circumstances such as high humidity, stagnant air, elevated ambient temperatures, physical exertion, inappropriate clothing, and certain medical conditions or medications. These factors can limit the body's ability to dissipate heat or make conditions unfavorable for effective heat transfer.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the mechanisms of heat loss through sweating and vasodilation in the dermis

Sweating and vasodilation are two mechanisms used by the body to maintain temperature regulation. Sweating is the process by which sweat glands in the skin release moisture, which then evaporates and cools down the body. Vasodilation refers to the widening of blood vessels, specifically in the dermis of the skin, to bring warm blood closer to the surface for cooling.
02

Discuss the environmental factors that may impede sweating and vasodilation

In some environmental conditions, these mechanisms may become less effective in facilitating heat loss. High humidity and stagnant air are examples of such conditions. High humidity reduces the rate of evaporation, and stagnant air reduces convection, meaning that the sweat does not cool the body as effectively as it should. Additionally, in high ambient temperatures, vasodilation may not be sufficient to dissipate heat from the body, as the environment is not providing the necessary temperature gradient.
03

Explain the impact of physical exertion and clothing on heat loss mechanisms

Physical exertion, such as intense exercise, can generate heat faster than what the body can dissipate, even with sweating and vasodilation. In these cases, the body can overheat, and these mechanisms become less effective. Additionally, wearing clothing that is too tight or made from insulating materials can trap heat and moisture, reducing the efficiency of both sweating and vasodilation.
04

Discuss medical conditions or medications that can interfere with heat loss mechanisms

Certain medical conditions or medications can alter how effectively the body regulates temperature. For example, dehydration or electrolyte imbalances can limit the body's ability to produce sweat. Some medications, like anticholinergics, can interfere with sweating, while others, like vasoconstrictors, can prevent vasodilation.
05

Recap and summarize the circumstances that hinder sweating and vasodilation as heat loss mechanisms

In conclusion, the circumstances that exist when sweating and vasodilation in the dermis are not effective mechanisms of heat loss include high humidity, stagnant air, elevated ambient temperatures, physical exertion, inappropriate clothing, and certain medical conditions or medications. These factors either limit the body's ability to dissipate heat or make conditions unconducive for effective heat transfer.

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