Explain the difference between a synthesis reaction and a decomposition reaction. (p. 27)

Short Answer Question: Define synthesis and decomposition reactions and provide one example of each type of reaction. Short Answer: Synthesis reactions, also known as combination reactions, involve the combination of two or more simple substances to form a single, more complex product, typically requiring energy in the form of heat or light. An example of a synthesis reaction is 2H₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2H₂O(l), where hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. Decomposition reactions, also known as analysis reactions, involve the breakdown of a single compound into simpler substances, usually under the influence of heat, light, or other external factors. An example of a decomposition reaction is CaCO₃(s) → CaO(s) + CO₂(g), where calcium carbonate decomposes into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide when heated.