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Chapter 21: Problem 4

The genetic difference between two Drosophila species, \(D\). heteroneura and \(D\). silvestris, as measured by nucleotide diversity, is about 1.8 percent. The difference between chimpanzees \((\)Pan troglodytes ) and humans (H. sapiens) is about the same, yet the latter species is classified in a different genera. In your opinion, is this valid? Explain why.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: Yes, the classification of humans and chimpanzees into different genera is valid, despite their genetic similarity. This is because of the substantial differences in morphology, behavior, cognition, and other factors that contribute to their classification. Nucleotide diversity alone may not be sufficient to decide if they should be classified under the same genus or not.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Nucleotide Diversity

Nucleotide diversity is a measure of the degree of genetic polymorphism (variation) within a species, or between species. In this case, the 1.8 percent genetic difference between \(D\). heteroneura and \(D\). silvestris is being compared to the difference between humans and chimpanzees.
02

Define the Genus Classification

A genus is a category of classification in taxonomy, ranking above the species level and below the family level. Organisms within a genus are considered to be closely related and share similar characteristics.
03

Consider Other Factors in Classification

Although nucleotide diversity is an important factor in classification, it is not the only factor. When classifying organisms into different genera, scientists also take into account other aspects, such as morphology, behavior, reproductive strategies, ecology, etc.
04

Discuss the Differences Between Humans and Chimpanzees

Even though humans and chimpanzees share 98.2% genetic similarity, they have significant differences in terms of morphology, behavior, and cognition. Some of the differences include brain size, language development, tool usage, social structure, and culture.
05

Form an Opinion and Provide Explanation

In this case, it can be argued that the classification of humans and chimpanzees into different genera, despite their genetic similarity, is valid. This is mainly because of the substantial differences in morphology, behavior, and cognition that set humans apart from chimpanzees, as well as other factors that contribute to the classification. Nucleotide diversity alone may not be sufficient to decide if they should be classified under the same genus or not.

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