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Chapter 4: Problem 4

With regard to the ABO blood types in humans, determine the genotypes of the male parent and female parent: Male parent: blood type B whose mother was type O Female parent: blood type A whose father was type B Predict the blood types of the offspring that this couple may have and the expected ratio of each.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The expected ratio of blood types for the offspring of this couple is 1:1:1:1 for blood types AB, B, A, and O.

Step by step solution

01

Determine the male parent's possible genotypes

The male parent has blood type B, and his mother had blood type O. Blood type B is determined by either a homozygous genotype (BB) or a heterozygous genotype (BO). Since his mother had blood type O (which is a homozygous genotype, OO), the male parent inherited an O allele from his mother. Therefore, the male parent's genotype must be heterozygous BO.
02

Determine the female parent's possible genotypes

The female parent has blood type A, and her father had blood type B. Blood type A is determined by either a homozygous genotype (AA) or a heterozygous genotype (AO). Her father's blood type B could be due to a homozygous genotype (BB) or a heterozygous genotype (BO). If her father's genotype was BB, the female parent would have a B allele, making her blood type AB. Since her blood type is A, her father's genotype must have been BO, and the female parent inherited an O allele from him. Therefore, the female parent's genotype must be heterozygous AO.
03

Construct a Punnett square

Now that we have determined the genotypes of both parents (BO and AO), we can create a Punnett square to predict the possible genotypes of their offspring. Place the B and O alleles of the male parent on one side of the Punnett square, and the A and O alleles of the female parent on the other side. The Punnett square will show a grid of all 4 possible allele combinations (i.e., the possible genotypes of the offspring).
04

Calculate the ABO blood types of the offspring

Using the Punnett square, we can count the possible genotypes of the offspring and their corresponding blood types: 1. BA - Blood Type AB (the combination of A and B alleles) 2. BO - Blood Type B (the combination of B and O alleles) 3. OA - Blood Type A (the combination of O and A alleles) 4. OO - Blood Type O (the combination of O and O alleles) These genotypes correspond to the four ABO blood types: AB, B, A, and O.
05

Predict the expected ratio of blood types

Now that we have the possible blood types of the offspring, we can calculate the expected ratio of each blood type. Since there are four possibilities, each with an equal chance of occurrence, the expected ratio for the offspring of this couple is: 1. Blood Type AB: 1/4 2. Blood Type B: 1/4 3. Blood Type A: 1/4 4. Blood Type O: 1/4 Thus, we can expect that the offspring of this couple will have a 1:1:1:1 ratio of blood types AB, B, A, and O.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In four o'clock plants, many flower colors are observed. In a cross involving two true-breeding strains, one crimson and the other white, all of the \(P_{1}\) generation were rose color. In the \(F_{2}\), four new phenotypes appeared along with the \(P_{1}\) and \(F_{1}\) parental colors. The following ratio was obtaincd: \(1 / 16\) erimson \(2 / 16\) orange \(1 / 16\) yellow \(2 / 16\) magenta \(4 / 16\) rose \(2 / 16\) pale yellow \(4 / 16\) white Propose an explanation for the inheritance of these flower colors.

The following genotypes of two independently assorting autosomal genes determine coat color in rats: \(A-B-(\text { gray }) ; A-b b\) (yellow) \(; a a B-\) (black); \(a a b b\) (cream) A third gene pair on a separate autosome determines whether any color will be produced. The \(C C\) and \(C c\) genotypes allow color according to the expression of the \(A\) and \(B\) alleles. However, the ce genotype results in allbino rats regardless of the \(A\) and \(B\) alleles present. Determine the \(F_{1}\) phenotypic ratio of the following crosses: (a)AAbbCC \(\times\) aaBBcc; (b) \(A a B B c c \times A A B b c c\) (c) \(A a B b C c \times A a B b c c\)

In cattle, coats may be solid white, solid black, or black-and-white spotted. When true-breeding solid whites are mated with truebreeding solid blacks, the \(\mathrm{F}_{1}\) generation consists of all solid white individuals. After many \(\mathrm{F}_{1} \times \mathrm{F}_{1}\) matings, the following ratio was observed in the \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) generation: \(12 / 16\) solid white \(3 / 16\) black-and-white spotted \(1 / 16\) solid black Explain the mode of inheritance governing coat color by determining how many gene pairs are involved and which genotypes yield which phenotypes. Is it possible to isolate a true-breeding strain of black-and-white spotted cattle? If so, what genotype would they have? If not, explain why not.

Students taking a genetics exam were expected to answer the following question by converting data to a "meaningful ratio" and then solving the problem. The instructor assumed that the final ratio would reflect two gene pairs, and most correct answers did. Here is the exam question: "Flowers may be white, orange, or brown. When plants with white flowers are crossed with plants with brown flowers, all the \(\mathrm{F}_{1}\) flow ers are white. For \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) flowers, the following data were obtained: 48 white 12 orange 4 brown Convert the \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) data to a meaningful ratio that allows you to explain the inheritance of color. Determine the number of genes involved and the genotypes that yield each phenotype." (a) Solve the problem for two gene pairs. What is the final \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) ratio? (b) A number of students failed to reduce the ratio for two gene pairs as described above and solved the problem using three gene pairs. When examined carefully, their solution was deemed a valid response by the instructor, Solve the problem using three gene pairs.

Horses can be cremello (a light cream color), chestnut (a reddish brown color), or palomino (a golden color with white in the horse's tail and mane). Of these phenotypes, only palominos never breed true. The following results have been observed: cremello \(\times\) palomino \(\longrightarrow 1 / 2\) cremello \(1 / 2\) palomino chestnut \(\times\) palomino \(\longrightarrow 1 / 2\) chestnut \(1 / 2\) palomino palomino \(\times\) palomino \(\longrightarrow 1 / 4\) chestnut \(1 / 2\) palomino \(1 / 4\) cremello (a) From these results, determine the mode of inheritance by assigning sene symbols and indicating which genotypes yield which phenotypes. (b) Predict the \(\mathrm{F}_{1}\) and \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) results of many initial matings between cremello and chestnut horses.
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