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Chapter 5: Problem 17

Indicate the expected number of Barr bodies in interphase cells of individuals with (a) triple \(X\) syndrome \((X X X)\) (b) \(\mathrm{XYY}\) syndrome, (c) Klinefelter syndrome, (d) Turner syndrome, and karyotype \(48, \mathrm{XXXX}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: Triple X Syndrome - 2 Barr bodies; XYY Syndrome - 0 Barr bodies; Klinefelter Syndrome - 1 Barr body; Turner Syndrome - 0 Barr bodies; Karyotype 48, XXXX - 3 Barr bodies.

Step by step solution

01

Triple X Syndrome (XXX)

For individuals with Triple X Syndrome, they possess three X chromosomes (XXX). Using the formula, we can find the number of Barr bodies: Number of Barr bodies = (Total X chromosomes - 1) = (3 - 1) = 2 Thus, individuals with Triple X Syndrome have 2 Barr bodies in their interphase cells.
02

XYY Syndrome

For individuals with XYY Syndrome, they possess one X chromosome and two Y chromosomes (XYY). Using the formula, we can find the number of Barr bodies: Number of Barr bodies = (Total X chromosomes - 1) = (1 - 1) = 0 Thus, individuals with XYY Syndrome have 0 Barr bodies in their interphase cells.
03

Klinefelter Syndrome

For individuals with Klinefelter Syndrome, they possess two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome (XXY). Using the formula, we can find the number of Barr bodies: Number of Barr bodies = (Total X chromosomes - 1) = (2 - 1) = 1 Thus, individuals with Klinefelter Syndrome have 1 Barr body in their interphase cells.
04

Turner Syndrome

For individuals with Turner Syndrome, they possess one X chromosome only (X). Using the formula, we can find the number of Barr bodies: Number of Barr bodies = (Total X chromosomes - 1) = (1 - 1) = 0 Thus, individuals with Turner Syndrome have 0 Barr bodies in their interphase cells.
05

Karyotype 48, XXXX

For individuals with karyotype 48, XXXX, they possess four X chromosomes (XXXX). Using the formula, we can find the number of Barr bodies: Number of Barr bodies = (Total X chromosomes - 1) = (4 - 1) = 3 Thus, individuals with karyotype 48, XXXX have 3 Barr bodies in their interphase cells.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

An attached-X female fly, XXY (see the Insights and Solutions box), expresses the recessive X-linked white-eye phenotype. It is crossed to a male fly that expresses the X-linked recessive miniature wing phenotype. Determine the outcome of this cross in terms of sex, eye color, and wing size of the offspring.

In this chapter, we have focused on sex differentiation, sex chromosomes, and genetic mechanisms involved in sex determination. At the same time, we found many opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this information was acquired. From the explanations given in the chapter, you should answer the following fundamental questions: (a) How do we know that in humans the X chromosomes play no role in sex determination, while the Y chromosome causes maleness and its absence causes femaleness? (b) How did we originally (in the late 1940 s) analyze the sex ratio at conception in humans, and how has our approach to studying this issue changed in \(2015 ?\) (c) How do we know that X chromosomal inactivation of either the paternal or maternal homolog is a random event during early development in mammalian females? (d) How do we know that Drosophila utilizes a different sexdetermination mechanism than mammals, even though it has the same sex-chromosome compositions in males and females?

In mice, the X-linked dominant mutation Testicular feminization (Tfm) eliminates the normal response to the testicular hormone testosterone during sexual differentiation. An XY mouse bearing the \(T f m\) allele on the \(X\) chromosome develops testes, but no further male differentiation occurs-the external genitalia of such an animal are female. From this information, what might you conclude about the role of the Tfm gene product and the X and \(Y\) chromosomes in sex determination and sexual differentiation in mammals? Can you devise an experiment, assuming you can "genetically engineer" the chromosomes of mice, to test and confirm your explanation?

Describe the major difference between sex determination in Drosophila and in humans.

It is believed that any male-determining genes contained on the Y chromosome in humans are not located in the limited region that synapses with the X chromosome during meiosis. What might be the outcome if such genes were located in this region?
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