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Chapter 6: Problem 4

For a species with a diploid number of \(18,\) indicate how many chromosomes will be present in the somatic nuclei of individuals that are haploid, triploid, tetraploid, trisomic, and monosomic.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The number of chromosomes in the somatic nuclei of individuals are as follows: - Haploid: 9 - Triploid: 27 - Tetraploid: 36 - Trisomic: 19 - Monosomic: 17

Step by step solution

01

Haploid

A haploid (n) refers to a cell or an organism with a single set of chromosomes.
02

Diploid

A diploid (2n) refers to a cell or an organism with two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
03

Triploid

A triploid (3n) refers to a cell or an organism with three sets of chromosomes.
04

Tetraploid

A tetraploid (4n) refers to a cell or an organism with four sets of chromosomes.
05

Trisomic

A trisomic refers to a cell or an organism carrying an extra chromosome (2n + 1).
06

Monosomic

A monosomic refers to a cell or an organism carrying one fewer chromosome (2n - 1). **Step 2: Calculating the number of chromosomes for each term based on the given diploid number 18**
07

Haploid individual (n)

For a haploid individual, the number of chromosomes is equal to a single set of chromosomes. Since the diploid number is 18 (2n = 18), a haploid individual will have n = 18/2 = 9 chromosomes.
08

Triploid individual (3n)

For a triploid individual, the number of chromosomes is equal to three sets of chromosomes. Since the haploid number is 9, a triploid individual will have 3n = 3 * 9 = 27 chromosomes.
09

Tetraploid individual (4n)

For a tetraploid individual, the number of chromosomes is equal to four sets of chromosomes. Since the haploid number is 9, a tetraploid individual will have 4n = 4 * 9 = 36 chromosomes.
10

Trisomic individual (2n + 1)

For a trisomic individual, the number of chromosomes is equal to the diploid number plus an extra chromosome. Since the diploid number is 18, a trisomic individual will have 2n + 1 = 18 + 1 = 19 chromosomes.
11

Monosomic individual (2n - 1)

For a monosomic individual, the number of chromosomes is equal to the diploid number minus one chromosome. Since the diploid number is 18, a monosomic individual will have 2n - 1 = 18 - 1 = 17 chromosomes. In conclusion, the number of chromosomes present in the somatic nuclei of individuals that are haploid, triploid, tetraploid, trisomic, and monosomic are 9, 27, 36, 19, and 17, respectively.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A boy with Klinefelter syndrome \((47, \mathrm{XXY})\) is born to a mother who is phenotypically normal and a father who has the X-linked skin condition called anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. The mother's skin is completely normal with no signs of the skin abnormality. In contrast, her son has patches of normal skin and patches of abnormal skin. (a) Which parent contributed the abnormal gamete? (b) Using the appropriate genetic terminology, describe the meiotic mistake that occurred. Be sure to indicate in which division the mistake occurred. (c) Using the appropriate genetic terminology, explain the son's skin phenotype.

Certain varieties of chrysanthemums contain \(18,36,54,72,\) and 90 chromosomes; all are multiples of a basic set of nine chromosomes. How would you describe these varieties genetically? What feature do the karyotypes of each variety share? A variety with 27 chromosomes has been discovered, but it is sterile. Why?

In a cross between two varieties of corn, \(g l_{1} g l_{1} W s_{3} W s_{3}(\) egg parent) \(\times G I_{1} G l_{1} w s_{3} w s_{3}\) (pollen parent), a triploid offspring was produced with the genetic constitution $G l_{1} G l_{1} g l_{1} W s_{3} w s_{3} w s_{3}\( From which parent, egg or pollen, did the \)2 n$ gamete originate? Is another explanation possible? Explain.

The primrose, Primula kewensis, has 36 chromosomes that are similar in appearance to the chromosomes in two related species, \(P .\) floribunda $(2 n=18)\( and \)P\(. verticillata \)(2 n=18) .$ How could P. kewensis arise from these species? How would you describe \(P\) kewensis in genetic terms?

Mendelian ratios are modified in crosses involving autotetraploids. Assume that one plant expresses the dominant trait green seeds and is homozygous (WWWW). This plant is crossed to one with white seeds that is also homozygous (wwww). If only one dominant allele is sufficient to produce green seeds, predict the \(\mathrm{F}_{1}\) and \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) results of such a cross. Assume that synapsis between chromosome pairs is random during meiosis.
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