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Chapter 13: Problem 5

tRNA adapts specific triplet codons in mRNA to their correctamino acids. Do you agree with this statement? Justify your answer.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Explain your answer. Answer: Yes, the statement is correct. During translation, tRNA molecules recognize and bind to specific codons on mRNA, carrying the correct amino acid to the ribosome. This is achieved through the anticodon region present on tRNA molecules, which allows them to specifically pair with complementary codons on the mRNA. This ensures the correct amino acids are incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the process of translation

Translation is the process during protein synthesis in which the genetic information encoded in mRNA is used to build a polypeptide chain formed by amino acids. This occurs in the ribosome, where mRNA is decoded into a sequence of amino acids. The sequence of nucleotide triplets (called codons) in the mRNA determines the order of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.
02

Role of tRNA

Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules are responsible for carrying amino acids to the ribosome and pairing the correct amino acid with its corresponding mRNA codon. Each tRNA molecule has a unique anticodon region that is complementary to a specific codon on the mRNA molecule.
03

Analyze the statement

The statement: "tRNA adapts specific triplet codons in mRNA to their correct amino acids," is essentially describing the role of tRNA during translation. The process involves tRNA molecules recognizing and binding to specific codons on mRNA and carrying the correct amino acid to the ribosome, allowing the polypeptide chain to be assembled.
04

Agree or Disagree with the statement

Based on the understanding of translation and the role of tRNA, we can agree with the statement. tRNA does adapt specific triplet codons in mRNA to their correct amino acids. This is achieved through the anticodon region present on tRNA molecules, which allows them to specifically pair with complementary codons on the mRNA. This ensures the correct amino acids are incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Hemoglobin is a tetramer consisting of two \(\alpha\) and two \(\beta\) chains. What level of protein structure is described in the above statement?

In this chapter, we focused on the translation of mRNA into proteins as well as on protein structure and function. Along the way, we found many opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this information was acquired. From the explanations given in the chapter, what answers would you propose to the following fundamental questions: (a) What experimentally derived information led to Holley's proposal of the two-dimensional cloverleaf model of tRNA? (b) What experimental information verifies that certain codons in mRNA specify chain termination during translation? (c) How do we know, based on studies of Neurospora nutritional mutations, that one gene specifies one enzyme? (d) On what basis have we concluded that proteins are the end products of genetic expression?

How does an enzyme function? Why are enzymes essential for living organisms?

List and describe the role of all molecular constituents present in a functional polyribosome.

Explain the characteristic of sickle-cell hemoglobin that makes it different from normal hemoglobin.
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