Chapter 18: Problem 13
The term paralog is often used in conjunction with discussions of hemoglobin genes. What does this term mean, and how does it apply to hemoglobin genes?
Chapter 18: Problem 13
The term paralog is often used in conjunction with discussions of hemoglobin genes. What does this term mean, and how does it apply to hemoglobin genes?
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Get started for freeGenomic sequencing has opened the door to numerous studies that help us understand the evolutionary forces shaping the genetic makeup of organisms. Using databases containing the sequences of 25 genomes, scientists (Kreil, D.P. and Ouzounis, C.A., Nucl. Acids Res. 29: \(1608-1615,2001\) ) examined the relationship between GC content and global amino acid composition. They found that it is possible to identify thermophilic species on the basis of their amino acid composition alone, which suggests that evolution in a hot environment selects for a certain whole organism amino acid composition. In what way might evolution in extreme environments influence genome and amino acid composition? How might evolution in extreme environments influence the interpretation of genome sequence data?
In this chapter, we focused on the analysis of genomes, transcriptomes, and proteomes and considered important applications and findings from these endeavors. At the same time, we found many opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this information was acquired. From the explanations given in the chapter, what answers would you propose to the following fundamental questions: (a) How do we know which contigs are part of the same chromosome? (b) How do we know if a genomic DNA sequence contains a protein-coding gene? (c) What evidence supports the concept that humans share substantial sequence similarities and gene functional similarities with model organisms? (d) How can proteomics identify differences between the number of protein- coding genes predicted for a genome and the number of proteins expressed by a genome? (e) How have microarrays demonstrated that, although all cells of an organism have the same genome, some genes are expressed in almost all cells, whereas other genes show celland tissue-specific expression?
Compare and contrast whole-genome shotgun sequencing to a map-based cloning approach.
What is bioinformatics, and why is this discipline essential for studying genomes? Provide two examples of bioinformatics applications.
It can be said that modern biology is experiencing an "omics" revolution. What does this mean? Explain your answer.
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