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Chapter 13: Q20CP (page 432)

How is PKA activity regulated?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The PKA (protein kinase A) is activated by cAMP, a second messenger that is made by adenylate cyclase on hormone-stimulated activation of a heterotrimeric G protein.

Step by step solution

01

Targets of PKA

The targets of PKA include enzymes involved in glycogen metabolism. For example, when epinephrine binds to theβ-adrenergic receptor of a muscle cell, the sequential activation of a heterotrimeric G protein, adenylate cyclase and PKA lead to the activation of glycogen phosphorylase, thereby making glucose-6-phosphate available for glycolysis in a “fight-or-flight” response.

02

PKA is activated by cAMP

The PKA is activated by cAMP.The effects of protein kinases are reversed by the activity of protein phosphatases and also regulated by phosphatases.A small change in [cAMP] results in a large change in the fraction of phosphorylated enzymes.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The diagnosis of some lymphomas (blood cell cancers) includes cytogenetic analysis, which involves examining a patient’s cells for chromosomal

abnormalities. Chromosomes are visible by light microscopy only during cell division. Cells removed from a patient’s bone marrow may be treated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) prior to microscopic examination. What is the purpose of the PMA?

Summarize the steps of signal transduction from a GPCR to phosphorylation of targetproteins by PKA.

What is the function of a second messengersuch as cAMP?

Describe how ligand binding to a receptor leads to the production of IP3 and DAG and the release of Ca2+.

How do biological signaling systems support the idea that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts?
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