BIOINFORMATICS
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Exercise 1 Porins: Maltoporin and Ompf
Exercise 2 lon Channels

Short Answer

Expert verified

OmpA and the general porins are two integral membrane proteins with significant expression levels. The structures of human homologs are necessary for investigating channel-associated illnesses and medication discovery in ion channels.

Step by step solution

01

Bioinformatics

The use of computing and analysis tools for acquiring and interpreting biological data is referred to as bioinformatics.Computer science, mathematics, physics, and biology are all used in this discipline.

02

Porins: Maltoporin and Ompf

Porins (e.g., PhoE and LamB), TonB-dependent receptors (e.g., FhuA and FepA), and components of numerous protein export systems, referred to as autotransporters, are examples of small proteins whose synthesis is significantly increased when they are needed. Maltoporin was found as a phage l receptor, and its current name, LamB, reflects that discovery.

03

Ion channels

Ion channels are membrane proteins that have an important physiological and pharmacological role. X-ray structures are known for a few bacterial channels, as they are for many integral membrane proteins. Still, structures of human homologs are necessary for investigating channel-associated illnesses and medication discovery.

Hence, bioinformatics analyses primarily focus on three types of huge datasets: macromolecular structures, genome sequences, and the outcomes of functional genomics research (e.g., expression data) in molecular biology.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Kidney cells contain a channel that allows intracellular ammonia to exit the cells. (a) Why did researchers originally believe that cells had no need for such a channel? (b) What is the free energy source for ammonia transport via the channel? (c) The same kidney cells also contain a proton pump that expels H+ from the cells. What is the free energy source for this pump, and how does its action prevent ammonia from moving back into the kidney cells?

What are the similarities and differences among ionophores, porins, ion channels, and passive-mediated transport proteins? What determines the direction of solute movement?

How long would it take 100 molecules of valinomycin to transport enough K+ to change the concentration inside an erythrocyte of volume 100 µm3 by 10 mM? (Assume that the valinomycin does not also transport any K+ out of the cell, which it really does, and that the valinomycin molecules outside the cell are always saturated withK+.)

In addition to neurons, muscle cells undergo depolarization, although smaller and slower than in the neuron, as a result of the activity of the acetylcholine receptor.

(a) The acetylcholine receptor is also a gated ion channel. What triggers the gate to open?
(b) The acetylcholine receptor/ion channel is specific for Na+ions. Would ions flow in or out? Why?

(c) How would the Na+flow through the ion channel change the membrane potential?

In eukaryotes, ribosomes (approximate mass 4×106D)are assembled inside the nucleus, which is enclosed by a double membrane. Protein synthesis occurs in the cytosol. (a) Could a protein similar to a porin or the glucose transporter be responsible for transporting ribosomes into the cytoplasm? Explain. (b) Would free energy be required to move a ribosome from the nucleus to the cytoplasm? Why or why not?

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