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Chapter 10: Q10_17P (page 319)

What happens to K+transport by valinomycin when the membrane is cooled below its transition temperature?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The transport of K+ion stops through valinomycin when the temperature of the membrane reaches below the transition temperature.

Step by step solution

01

Introduction

Valinomycin is a well-studied ionophore that binds specifically to a K+ion. It's a cyclic ionophore withester linkage, peptide bonds, and D and L-amino acids.

02

Changes occur in  transport

Valinomycin is a channel-formingionophorethat creates transmembrane channels or pores that allow chosen ions to flow through. When the membrane is cooled below the transition temperature, the lipids become immobilization in agel-like state. It makes theionophore-K complex unable to diffuse through the membrane causing the transport to be terminated.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

MORE TO EXPLORE The M2 protein encoded by the influenza virus is essential for infection. What ion is transported by the M2 protein, and what role does ion transport play in the flu virus life cycle? What drugs target the M2protein? Why is it necessary to develop new drugs to block M2 function?

Calculate the free energy required to move 1 mol of K+ ions from the outside of the cell (where[K+]=4mM ) to the inside (where [K+]=140mM) when the membrane potential is-70mV and the temperature is 370C.

What are the similarities and differences among ionophores, porins, ion channels, and passive-mediated transport proteins? What determines the direction of solute movement?

Cells in the wall of the mammalian stomach secrete HCI at a concentration of 0.15 M. The secreted protons, which are derived from the intracellular hydration of CO2by carbonic anhydrase, are pumped out by an (H+-K+)-ATPantiport. A co-transporter is also required to complete the overall transport process.

a) Calculate the pH of the secreted HCl. How does this compare to the cytosolic pH (7.4)?

b) Write the reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase.

c) Draw a diagram to show how the action of both transport proteins results in the secretion of HCI.

E. coli cells transport xylose across the cell membrane via a symport system that uses the free energy of a proton gradient. The intracellular pH is higher than the extracellular pH. (a) Is xylose moving up or down its concentration gradient? Into or out of the cell? (b) Draw a diagram of the xylose transport system.
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