Explain how and why ion channels are gated.

Ligand-gated ion channels, also known as ionotropic receptors, are a family of transmembrane ion-channel proteins that open in response to the binding of a chemical messenger, such as a neurotransmitter, allowing ions such as${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}, {\mathrm{K}}^{+}, \mathrm{Cl}$ and sodium-potassium gate channels to flow through the membrane.

Sodium ions travel from inner toouter cytoplasm and two potassium ions transfer from outer to inner cytoplasm during neuron resting membrane. The Sodium-Potassium Pump is responsible for these ion transfers. As a result, generate potential in a membrane. Negative on the inside and positive on the outer.

Sodium and potassium-gated channels are found on the membrane of neurons. When a voltage differential occurs in a membrane, these channels open. When a threshold stimulus is applied, the permeability of the cell membrane changes, and sodium ions enter a gated channel in the cell, resulting in an increase in positive potential.

As a result, Potassium ion transfer in ECF occurs because the Sodium gated channelcloses during repolarization and the Potassium gated channel opens. Neuron Repolarization and Activation Ion channels are gated channels because they are dependent on the Sodium-Potassium ion.