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Chapter 27: Q21P (page 1030)

One cause of the neurodegenerative disease amyotropic, lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the expansion of the repeating hexanucleotide sequence GGGGCC in the noncoding region of a gene. By unknown mechanisms, the repeating sequence is translated to generate neurotoxic peptides. Predict the sequences of the possible repeating dipeptides.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The possible repeating dipeptides are GGG-GCC, GGC-CGG and GGG-CCG.

Step by step solution

01

Amyotropic lateral sclerosis

Amyotropic lateral sclerosis(ALS) is also known by another name motor neuron disease ( MND). It leads to the deprivation of motor neurons that regulates the voluntary muscles.

02

Predicting the sequence of the possible repeating dipeptides.

During the translation process, the repeating sequence is converted into neurotoxic peptides. The possible repeating dipeptides are GGG-GCC, GGC-CGG and GGG-CCG. The dipeptide GGG-GCC codes for Gly-Ala, GGC—CGG codes for Gly-Arg and GGG-CCG codes for Gly-Pro. Hence, the sequences for the possible repeating dipeptides are obtained.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What is the function of the RNA component of the SRP?

An antibiotic named fixmycin, which you have isolated from a fungus growing on ripe passion fruit, is effective in curing several types of sexually transmitted diseases. In characterizing fixmycin’s mode of action, you have found that it is a bacterial translational inhibitor that binds exclusively to the large subunit of E. coli ribosomes. The initiation of protein synthesis in the presence of Fixmycin results in the generation of dipeptides that remain associated with the ribosome. Suggest a mechanism of fixmycin action.

In eukaryotes, the primary rRNA transcript is an45 S rRNA that includes the sequences of the 18 S and 28 S rRNAs separated by short spacers. What is the advantage of this operon-like arrangement of rRNA genes?

EF-Tu binds all aminoacyl–tRNAs with approximately equal affinity so that it can deliver them to the ribosome with the same efficiency. Based on the experimentally determined binding constants for EF-Tu and correctly charged and mischarged aminoacyl–tRNAs (see table), explain how the tRNA–EF-Tu recognition system could prevent the incorporation of the wrong amino acid during translation.

Aminoacyl–tRNA

Dissociation Constant (nM)

Ala–tRNAAla

6.2

Gln–tRNAAla

0.05

Gln–tRNAGln

4.4

Ala–tRNAGln

260

Not all naturally occurring peptides are synthesized by ribosomes that decode messenger RNA. How does non-ribosomal peptide synthesis take place? How does it differ from polyketide synthesis? What are some functions of these peptides?
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