With reference to the steps of the scientific method, explain how scientists arrive at a theory. (page 8 )

Scientists arrive at a theory through the scientific method, which consists of the following steps: 1. Ask a specific, testable, and measurable question about a natural phenomenon. 2. Perform background research on the topic to understand existing knowledge and identify gaps or areas of improvement. 3. Formulate a testable and falsifiable hypothesis as a tentative explanation for the phenomenon. 4. Design and conduct a scientifically sound and controlled experiment to test the hypothesis. 5. Analyze the results using statistical methods, evaluate the significance of the results, and identify limitations or possible sources of error. 6. Draw conclusions about the hypothesis based on the analysis and determine its implications. 7. Communicate the results to the scientific community and, if supported, use the evidence to contribute to the development or revision of a comprehensive, well-substantiated scientific theory. This theory is then continuously tested and revised as new information and discoveries emerge.