Name the major parts of the brain, and give a function for each part. (pages \(285-88\) )

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is divided into two hemispheres – left and right. The cerebrum is responsible for higher-order brain functions such as thinking, reasoning, memory, and voluntary muscle movements. The outer layer of the cerebrum, known as the cerebral cortex, contains areas for processing sensory information and controlling motor functions.

The cerebellum is located at the back of the brain, below the cerebrum, and is responsible for coordinating and regulating muscle activity, maintaining balance, and ensuring smooth, precise movements. It also plays a role in some cognitive functions, such as attention and language processing.

The brainstem, located at the base of the brain, connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord. It controls many essential autonomic functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, as well as some basic reflexes, like swallowing and coughing. The brainstem is divided into three main sections: the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. Each of these sections has a specific function, such as controlling eye movement (midbrain), regulating sleep and controlling facial expressions (pons), and controlling breathing and heart rate (medulla oblongata). In summary, the major parts of the brain - cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem - each have their own specific functions that work together to regulate and control a wide range of processes occurring within the human body.