Describe three standard therapies for cancer treatment. (pages \(457-59)\)

Three standard therapies for cancer treatment include: 1. Surgery - This involves the removal of the tumor and possibly nearby affected tissues and lymph nodes. It is commonly used for solid tumors in a specific area, but may not be effective if the cancer has spread. 2. Radiation therapy - This treatment utilizes high-energy particles or waves, like x-rays or gamma rays, to damage or destroy cancer cells, either delivered externally or internally. This therapy aims to affect cancer cells while minimizing harm to healthy cells, but may have side effects such as fatigue, skin irritation, and temporary hair loss. 3. Chemotherapy - Using drugs that target cancer cells throughout the body, this treatment is suitable for cancers that have spread or have a high risk of recurrence. However, it can also affect healthy cells, leading to side effects like nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and fatigue.