Contrast the multiregional continuity hypothesis with the out-of-Africa hypothesis for the evolution of Homo sapiens. (page 533 )

The multiregional continuity hypothesis suggests that Homo sapiens evolved simultaneously in different parts of the world from archaic human populations, with continuous gene flow between them. In contrast, the out-of-Africa hypothesis proposes that Homo sapiens emerged in Africa and migrated outward, replacing other hominin populations. Key differences can be observed in genetic diversity, fossil evidence, archaeological evidence, and population replacement. The multiregional hypothesis expects similar genetic diversity across regions, while out-of-Africa predicts higher diversity in Africa. Fossil evidence in multiregional hypothesis supports regional continuity, while in out-of-Africa, it shows a clear progression from Africa. The multiregional hypothesis emphasizes local cultural complexity, while out-of-Africa highlights the sudden appearance of modern human culture. Lastly, the multiregional hypothesis assumes minimal population replacement, while the out-of-Africa hypothesis posits extensive replacement with limited genetic contribution from replaced populations.