What are the types of fossil fuels, and what environmental problems are associated with burning fossil fuels? (page 572)

Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons formed from the remains of dead plants and animals that were buried and subjected to high pressure and temperature over millions of years. There are three main types of fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas. 1. Coal: Coal is a solid fossil fuel formed from the remains of ancient plants. It is primarily composed of carbon, along with various other elements such as sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen. 2. Oil: Oil, or petroleum, is a liquid fossil fuel formed from the remains of microscopic marine organisms. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, which are compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon. 3. Natural Gas: Natural gas is a gaseous fossil fuel primarily composed of methane (CH4), but it also contains other hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane, and butane.

Burning fossil fuels releases various byproducts and pollutants into the atmosphere, leading to several environmental problems: 1. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: The combustion of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), which are two potent greenhouse gases. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. 2. Air Pollution: Fossil fuel combustion releases other harmful pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter. These pollutants can cause respiratory problems, smog formation, and acid rain, posing risks to human health and the environment. 3. Oil Spills: Extraction and transportation of crude oil can lead to oil spills, which have devastating impacts on marine ecosystems and wildlife. 4. Land and Water Pollution: The extraction and processing of fossil fuels can cause land and water pollution, harming ecosystems and contaminating water sources. 5. Resource Depletion: Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources, meaning that their extraction and use deplete the Earth's finite supply, leading to concerns about energy security and the need for alternative energy sources.