Invagination of plasma membrane produced what structures in eukaryotic cells not present in prokaryotic cells? (page 46 )

Invagination is the process in which a part of the plasma membrane folds inward to form a pocket or a vesicle. This process plays an essential role in cell division, endocytosis, and exocytosis, as well as in the formation of certain organelles in eukaryotic cells.

Eukaryotic cells are complex cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a nuclear membrane and numerous membrane-bound organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. These organelles perform specific functions and allow the cell to efficiently carry out metabolism, energy production, and the synthesis of biomolecules. Prokaryotic cells, on the other hand, are simpler cells without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. They carry out all their metabolic activities in the cytoplasm, and their genetic material is located in a region called the nucleoid. Prokaryotic cells include bacteria and archaea.

When invagination occurs in eukaryotic cells, it facilitates the formation of certain organelles not present in prokaryotic cells. The structures produced by plasma membrane invagination in eukaryotic cells and not present in prokaryotic cells are: 1. Nuclear Envelope: The folding of the plasma membrane forms a double membrane layer, known as the nuclear envelope, which encloses the nucleus and separates it from the cytoplasm. 2. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Invagination of the plasma membrane forms a network of membrane-enclosed tubules and flattened sacs called the endoplasmic reticulum. The ER is involved in the synthesis, folding, and modification of proteins and lipids. 3. Golgi Apparatus: The invaginated plasma membrane also forms the Golgi apparatus, which is a stack of flattened membrane-bound sacs known as cisternae. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for processing, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transport to other organelles or secretion from the cell. In summary, invagination of the plasma membrane plays a crucial role in the formation of specific membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells, which are absent in prokaryotic cells. These structures include the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.