Explain what occurs in hemolytic disease of the newborn. (pages \(127-29\) )

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN), also known as erythroblastosis fetalis, is a blood-related disorder that occurs in a fetus or newborn infant when there is an incompatibility between the blood types of the mother and the baby. This condition is most commonly caused by an Rh-negative mother having an Rh-positive baby. The maternal antibodies can cross into the baby's bloodstream and attack the baby's red blood cells, leading to symptoms such as jaundice, anemia, heart failure, and swelling of the body. HDN can be life-threatening if left untreated. Prevention of the disease involves administering Rh immunoglobulin to the Rh-negative mother during pregnancy and after childbirth if the baby is Rh-positive, while treatment may involve blood transfusions for the baby.