Choose five body systems, and briefly explain how they are critical to cardiovascular system function. (pages \(129-30\)

The five chosen body systems essential for the cardiovascular system function are: 1. Respiratory system: Ensures gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the atmosphere and the bloodstream, transporting oxygen-rich blood to body cells and assisting in waste gas removal. 2. Nervous system: Controls heart rate and blood pressure by constantly monitoring blood pressure through baroreceptors and making adjustments accordingly. The sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate and blood pressure, while the parasympathetic nervous system decreases them. 3. Digestive system: Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream, which are then transported by the cardiovascular system to different body parts. Additionally, it delivers oxygen and removes metabolic waste generated during cell metabolism in digestive organs. 4. Urinary system: Regulates blood volume and composition by filtering waste products and excess substances from the bloodstream. The kidneys receive blood from the renal arteries, filter it, and return the filtered blood to the heart via the renal veins. Waste products and excess substances are excreted as urine. 5. Endocrine system: Regulates the cardiovascular system through hormone release. Hormones such as adrenaline, angiotensin II, atrial natriuretic peptide, and antidiuretic hormone play a vital role in regulating blood pressure, heart rate, and blood volume, along with affecting blood glucose levels for energy production in cells and organs, including the heart.