Describe several upper and lower respiratory tract disorders (other than cancer). If appropriate, explain why breathing is difficult with these conditions. (pages \(198-200\) )

Sinusitis, Asthma, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are all respiratory tract disorders that can hinder respiration. Sinusitis is an upper respiratory disorder where inflammation in the nasal cavity due to viral, bacterial, or fungal infections, allergies, or structural problems, can lead to congestion and swelling, making it difficult to breathe through the nose. Asthma and COPD, lower respiratory tract disorders, result in breathing difficulties due to constriction and inflammation of the airways and damage to lung tissues respectively. Asthma often involves episodes of shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing triggered by allergens, irritants, physical activity, cold air, or infections. COPD, a progression of diseases that includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis, is majorly caused by exposure to tobacco smoke. In COPD, the reduced airflow and difficulty in expelling air from the lungs result in frequent bouts of coughing, shortness of breath, and regular difficulties in performing routine activities.