Describe the organization of the eukaryotic chromosome.

Question: Describe the organization of the eukaryotic chromosome, including its structure and the role of histones. Answer: The eukaryotic chromosome is a highly organized structure that carries genetic information in the form of DNA. The DNA molecule is wrapped around histone proteins, forming nucleosomes, which are the structural unit of chromatin. Histones play a crucial role in compacting DNA and controlling gene expression. Chromatin fibers can further coil and fold into higher-order structures, forming chromosome territories within the nucleus. Eukaryotic chromosomes also have two essential features: the centromere and the telomere, responsible for sister chromatid attachment during cell division and chromosome protection, respectively.