The client with HIV is afraid of contracting toxoplasmosis. Which instruction should be given to the client to help decrease the chances of contracting toxoplasmosis? A. The client should give his cat to a friend. B. The client should not pet the cat. C. The client should not pet kittens. D. The client should not empty the cat's litter box.

Toxoplasmosis is caused by the parasitic protozoan called Toxoplasma gondii. It can be transmitted through contact with infected cat feces, consumption of undercooked meat, or ingestion of contaminated food or water. In individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV, toxoplasmosis can cause severe health complications.

Now let's examine each answer choice to determine which is the most effective approach to reducing the risk of contracting toxoplasmosis. A. Giving away the client's cat might not be necessary, as the risk of contracting toxoplasmosis can be minimized by practicing proper hygiene and taking precautions. B. Not petting the cat does not necessarily eliminate the risk of contracting toxoplasmosis. The client can still get infected through other means, such as handling raw meat. C. Not petting kittens prevents only direct contact with the cat, which does not completely eliminate the risk. D. Not emptying the cat's litter box can significantly reduce the risk of contracting toxoplasmosis since T. gondii is often found in infected cat feces. Avoiding contact with the litter box or wearing gloves and washing hands thoroughly after cleaning the litter box can minimize the risk.

Based on our analysis, the best instruction to give to the client would be (D) The client should not empty the cat's litter box, as this would most effectively decrease the chances of contracting toxoplasmosis from contact with infected cat feces.